Off-line evaluation of indoor positioning systems in different scenarios: the experiences from IPIN 2020 competition

Every year, for ten years now, the IPIN competition has aimed at evaluating real-world indoor localisation systems by testing them in a realistic environment, with realistic movement, using the EvAAL framework. The competition provided a unique overview of the state-of-the-art of systems, technologies, and methods for indoor positioning and navigation purposes. Through fair comparison of the performance achieved by each system, the competition was able to identify the most promising approaches and to pinpoint the most critical working conditions. In 2020, the competition included 5 diverse off-site off-site Tracks, each resembling real use cases and challenges for indoor positioning. The results in terms of participation and accuracy of the proposed systems have been encouraging. The best performing competitors obtained a third quartile of error of 1 m for the Smartphone Track and 0.5 m for the Foot-mounted IMU Track. While not running on physical systems, but only as algorithms, these results represent impressive achievements.Track 3 organizers were supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie Grant 813278 (A-WEAR: A network for dynamic WEarable Applications with pRivacy constraints), MICROCEBUS (MICINN, ref. RTI2018-095168-B-C55, MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE), INSIGNIA (MICINN ref. PTQ2018-009981), and REPNIN+ (MICINN, ref. TEC2017-90808-REDT). We would like to thanks the UJI’s Library managers and employees for their support while collecting the required datasets for Track 3. Track 5 organizers were supported by JST-OPERA Program, Japan, under Grant JPMJOP1612. Track 7 organizers were supported by the Bavarian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport and Technology through the Center for Analytics-Data-Applications (ADA-Center) within the framework of “BAYERN DIGITAL II. ” Team UMinho (Track 3) was supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope under Grant UIDB/00319/2020, and the Ph.D. Fellowship under Grant PD/BD/137401/2018. Team YAI (Track 3) was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under Grant MOST 109-2221-E-197-026. Team Indora (Track 3) was supported in part by the Slovak Grant Agency, Ministry of Education and Academy of Science, Slovakia, under Grant 1/0177/21, and in part by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract APVV-15-0091. Team TJU (Track 3) was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61771338 and in part by the Tianjin Research Funding under Grant 18ZXRHSY00190. Team Next-Newbie Reckoners (Track 3) were supported by the Singapore Government through the Industry Alignment Fund—Industry Collaboration Projects Grant. This research was conducted at Singtel Cognitive and Artificial Intelligence Lab for Enterprises (SCALE@NTU), which is a collaboration between Singapore Telecommunications Limited (Singtel) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Team KawaguchiLab (Track 5) was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant JP17H01762. Team WHU&AutoNavi (Track 6) was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2016YFB0502202. Team YAI (Tracks 6 and 7) was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under Grant MOST 110-2634-F-155-001

Off-Line Evaluation of Indoor Positioning Systems in Different Scenarios: The Experiences From IPIN 2020 Competition

Every year, for ten years now, the IPIN competition has aimed at evaluating real-world indoor localisation systems by testing them in a realistic environment, with realistic movement, using the EvAAL framework. The competition provided a unique overview of the state-of-the-art of systems, technologies, and methods for indoor positioning and navigation purposes. Through fair comparison of the performance achieved by each system, the competition was able to identify the most promising approaches and to pinpoint the most critical working conditions. In 2020, the competition included 5 diverse off-site off-site Tracks, each resembling real use cases and challenges for indoor positioning. The results in terms of participation and accuracy of the proposed systems have been encouraging. The best performing competitors obtained a third quartile of error of 1 m for the Smartphone Track and 0.5 m for the Foot-mounted IMU Track. While not running on physical systems, but only as algorithms, these results represent impressive achievements.Track 3 organizers were supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie Grant 813278 (A-WEAR: A network for dynamic WEarable Applications with pRivacy constraints), MICROCEBUS (MICINN, ref. RTI2018-095168-B-C55, MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE), INSIGNIA (MICINN ref. PTQ2018-009981), and REPNIN+ (MICINN, ref. TEC2017-90808-REDT). We would like to thanks the UJI’s Library managers and employees for their support while collecting the required datasets for Track 3. Track 5 organizers were supported by JST-OPERA Program, Japan, under Grant JPMJOP1612. Track 7 organizers were supported by the Bavarian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport and Technology through the Center for Analytics-Data-Applications (ADA-Center) within the framework of “BAYERN DIGITAL II. ” Team UMinho (Track 3) was supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope under Grant UIDB/00319/2020, and the Ph.D. Fellowship under Grant PD/BD/137401/2018. Team YAI (Track 3) was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under Grant MOST 109-2221-E-197-026. Team Indora (Track 3) was supported in part by the Slovak Grant Agency, Ministry of Education and Academy of Science, Slovakia, under Grant 1/0177/21, and in part by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract APVV-15-0091. Team TJU (Track 3) was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61771338 and in part by the Tianjin Research Funding under Grant 18ZXRHSY00190. Team Next-Newbie Reckoners (Track 3) were supported by the Singapore Government through the Industry Alignment Fund—Industry Collaboration Projects Grant. This research was conducted at Singtel Cognitive and Artificial Intelligence Lab for Enterprises (SCALE@NTU), which is a collaboration between Singapore Telecommunications Limited (Singtel) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Team KawaguchiLab (Track 5) was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant JP17H01762. Team WHU&AutoNavi (Track 6) was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2016YFB0502202. Team YAI (Tracks 6 and 7) was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under Grant MOST 110-2634-F-155-001.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of Spatial Reconstruction and Driving Factors of Tourism-Based Countryside

The spatial reconstruction process of suburban villages is an important aspect of integrated urban–rural development. Evaluating the level of spatial reconstruction of tourist villages and the characteristics of their developmental stages has become a critical issue in current rural development. Exploring the spatial reconstruction of typical tourist-oriented villages can help provide experiences for other rural spatial reconstructions. In this study, East Tumen Village and West Tumen Village in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, were selected as the research objects of rural tourism space. Through in-depth interviews and human–computer interactive interpretation of remote sensing images, this study traced the process of rural spatial reconstruction. The spatial reconstruction index of the rural tourism space was constructed from three dimensions: production space (product production capacity, industrial development activity, production space foundation), living space (living space convenience, tourism space convenience, living space comfort, living space foundation), and ecological space (ecological space regulation ability, ecological space stability capacity, ecological space foundation). Using the rural spatial reconstruction intensity index and rural spatial reconstruction contribution rate, this study quantitatively evaluated the spatial development level of tourism villages on a microscopic scale and examined the stage characteristics of their spatial reconstruction. The results show that the two villages experienced a budding stage, a development stage, and an accelerated development stage from 2005 to 2020 and have not yet reached a stable stage of relative balance and coordination; production activities are integrated into other spaces, and single-function space has become production–living and production–ecology composite space. The spatial reconstruction of East and West Tumen villages is driven by a combination of ‘top-down’ external drivers, such as rural tourism development, multi-governance subject participation, and public policy, and ‘bottom-up’ internal drivers, such as production demand, living demand, and ecological demand

Evaluation of Spatial Reconstruction and Driving Factors of Tourism-Based Countryside

The spatial reconstruction process of suburban villages is an important aspect of integrated urban–rural development. Evaluating the level of spatial reconstruction of tourist villages and the characteristics of their developmental stages has become a critical issue in current rural development. Exploring the spatial reconstruction of typical tourist-oriented villages can help provide experiences for other rural spatial reconstructions. In this study, East Tumen Village and West Tumen Village in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, were selected as the research objects of rural tourism space. Through in-depth interviews and human–computer interactive interpretation of remote sensing images, this study traced the process of rural spatial reconstruction. The spatial reconstruction index of the rural tourism space was constructed from three dimensions: production space (product production capacity, industrial development activity, production space foundation), living space (living space convenience, tourism space convenience, living space comfort, living space foundation), and ecological space (ecological space regulation ability, ecological space stability capacity, ecological space foundation). Using the rural spatial reconstruction intensity index and rural spatial reconstruction contribution rate, this study quantitatively evaluated the spatial development level of tourism villages on a microscopic scale and examined the stage characteristics of their spatial reconstruction. The results show that the two villages experienced a budding stage, a development stage, and an accelerated development stage from 2005 to 2020 and have not yet reached a stable stage of relative balance and coordination; production activities are integrated into other spaces, and single-function space has become production–living and production–ecology composite space. The spatial reconstruction of East and West Tumen villages is driven by a combination of ‘top-down’ external drivers, such as rural tourism development, multi-governance subject participation, and public policy, and ‘bottom-up’ internal drivers, such as production demand, living demand, and ecological demand

Effect of hole arrangement patterns on the leakage and rotordynamic characteristics of the honeycomb seal

The honeycomb seal is a vital component to reduce the leakage flow and improve the system stability for the turbomachines. In this work, a three-dimensional model is established for the interlaced hole honeycomb seal (IHHCS) and the non-interlaced hole honeycomb seal (NIHHCS) to investigate its leakage and rotordynamic characteristics by adopting computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that the hole arrangement patterns have little impact on the pressure drop and turbulence kinetic energy distribution for the seals, and the IHHCS possesses a slightly lower leakage flow rate than the NIHHCS. Moreover, the numerical results also show that the NIHHCS possesses a better rotordynamic performance than the IHHCS at all investigated conditions. Both seals show a larger k and a lower Ceff with the increase of the positive preswirl ratios and rotational speeds, while the negative preswirl ratios would reduce the k and improve the Ceff. The NIHHCS possesses a higher absolute value of Ft for all operating conditions, this could explain the distinction of Ceff for both seals at different working conditions

Spatio-temporal characteristics and coupling coordination relationship between urbanization and atmospheric particulate pollutants in the Bohai Rim in China

The coordinated development of urbanization and atmospheric environment is of great significance for improving the quality of urbanization and solving air pollution problems in the Bohai Rim region. We have constructed urbanization quality level system indicator system and atmospheric environment system indicator system. By combining the coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation method, we analyze the spatiotemporal changes of urbanization, PM2.5, and PM10 of 43 cities in the Bohai Rim region from 2015 to 2020 using the coupling coordination model and spatial autocorrelation method, revealing the spatiotemporal evolution law of the coupling coordination relationship between regional urbanization system and atmospheric environment system. The results show that: (1) The overall urbanization level is increasing and the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter pollution is decreasing from 2015 to 2020 in the Bohai Rim; the urbanization level shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest, and the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 show a pattern of high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with obvious clustering characteristics; (2) The coupling and coordination relationship between urbanization and atmospheric environment is showing an increasing trend in the Bohai Rim region. During the research period, the lowest, highest, average, and coupling coordination levels of the coupling and coordination scheduling are continuously increasing. The spatial distribution pattern of the coupling coordination degree is low in the southwest and high in the northeast, and there is a strong regional convergence of the coupling coordination type transformation, with certain spatial and temporal dependence

Socio-economic factors of bacillary dysentery based on spatial correlation analysis in Guangxi Province, China.

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, bacillary dysentery was still a big public health problem in China, especially in Guangxi Province, where thousands of severe diarrhea cases occur every year. METHODS: Reported bacillary dysentery cases in Guangxi Province were obtained from local Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control. The 14 socio-economic indexes were selected as potential explanatory variables for the study. The spatial correlation analysis was used to explore the associations between the selected factors and bacillary dysentery incidence at county level, which was based on the software of ArcGIS10.2 and GeoDA 0.9.5i. RESULTS: The proportion of primary industry, the proportion of younger than 5-year-old children in total population, the number of hospitals per thousand persons and the rates of bacillary dysentery incidence show statistically significant positive correlation. But the proportion of secondary industry, per capital GDP, per capital government revenue, rural population proportion, popularization rate of tap water in rural area, access rate to the sanitation toilets in rural, number of beds in hospitals per thousand persons, medical and technical personnel per thousand persons and the rate of bacillary dysentery incidence show statistically significant negative correlation. The socio-economic factors can be divided into four aspects, including economic development, health development, medical development and human own condition. The four aspects were not isolated from each other, but interacted with each other

Analysis of Characteristics of Safety Accidents in University Laboratory and Research on the Causes of Accidents

In recent years, under the background of the country’s vigorous development of science and education, the construction of university laboratories has been continuously progressing and perfecting. Under such rapid development, the safety management mode of university laboratories has been lagging behind and many safety accidents have occurred threatening teachers and students. The safety of university laboratories urgently needs more attention. This research briefly analyzes the safety management system of domestic and foreign university laboratories and related laws, regulations and standards and analyzes the types and characteristics of accidents and the causes of accidents through statistics of 50 college laboratory accidents in recent years. Based on the analytic hierarchy process to study the weight of the cause of the accident. It is concluded that laboratory safety management and personnel management are the main reasons for the accident

Spatial distributions of bacillary dysentery incidence and socio-economic factors.

<p>Spatial distributions of bacillary dysentery incidence and socio-economic factors.</p